About Adam
EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE
INTRODUCTION
Ebola,previously known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever,is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus species.Ebola can cause disease in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees).Ebola is caused by infection with a virus of the family Filoviridae,genus Ebolavirus. There are five identified Ebola virus species,four of which are known to cause disease in humans:Ebola virus (Zaire ebolavirus); Sudan virus (Sudan ebolavirus);Taï Forest virus (Taï Forest ebolavirus, formerly Côte d’Ivoire ebolavirus)and Bundibugyo virus (Bundibugyo ebolavirus).The fifth,Reston virus (Reston ebolavirus),has caused disease in nonhuman primates, but not in humans.Ebola viruses are found in several African countries.Ebola was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Since then,outbreaks have appeared sporadically in Africa.
The natural reservoir host of Ebola virus remains unknown. However,on the basis of evidence and the nature of similar viruses,researchers believe that the virus is animal-borne and that bats are the most likely reservoir.Four of the five virus strains occur in an animal host native to Africa.
Because the natural reservoir host of Ebola viruses has not yet been identified,the way in which the virus first appears in a human at the start of an outbreak is unknown.However,scientists believe that the first patient becomes infected through contact with an infected animal,such as a fruit bat or primate (apes and monkeys),which is called a spillover event.Person-to-person transmission follows and can lead to large numbers of affected people.When an infection occurs in humans,the virus can be spread to others through direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes in,for example,the eyes, nose or mouth) with blood or body fluids (including but not limited to urine,saliva, sweat,feces,vomit,breast milk and semen)of a person who is sick with or has died from Ebola;objects (like needles and syringes) that have been contaminated with body fluids from a person who is sick with Ebola or the body of a person who has died from Ebola;infected fruit bats or primates (apes and monkeys)and possibly from contact with semen from a man who has recovered from Ebola (for example, by having oral, vaginal, or anal sex).
Ebola is not spread through the air,by water or in general,by food.
Symptoms of Ebola include fever,severe headache,muscle pain,weakness,fatigue,diarrhea,vomiting,abdominal pain and unexplained hemorrhage(bleeding or bruising).Symptoms may appear anywhere from 2 to 21 days after exposure to Ebola, but the average is 8 to 10 days.
No FDA-approved vaccine or medicine (e.g., antiviral drug) is available for Ebola.Symptoms of Ebola and complications are treated as they appear.Providing intravenous fluids (IV) and balancing electrolytes (body salts),maintaining oxygen status and blood pressure and treating other infections if they occur are some interventions which when used early,can significantly improve the chances of survival.
Experimental vaccines and treatments for Ebola are under development,but they have not yet been fully tested for safety or effectiveness.
Recovery from Ebola depends on good supportive care and the patient’s immune response.People who recover from Ebola infection develop antibodies that last for at least 10 years, possibly longer.It is not known if people who recover are immune for life or if they can become infected with a different species of Ebola.Some people who have recovered from Ebola have developed long-term complications,such as joint and vision problems.
Even after recovery,Ebola might be found in some body fluids, including semen.The time it takes for Ebola to leave the semen is different for each man.For some men who survived Ebola,the virus left their semen in three months.For other men,the virus did not leave their semen for more than nine months.Based on the results from limited studies conducted to date,it appears that the amount of virus decreases over time and eventually leaves the semen.
CONCLUDING THOUGHTS
There is no FDA-approved vaccine available for Ebola.If you travel to or are in an area affected by an Ebola outbreak,make sure to practice careful hygiene.Wash your hands with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer and avoid contact with blood and body fluids (such as urine,feces,saliva,sweat,urine,vomit,breast milk,semen and vaginal fluids).Do not handle items that may have come in contact with an infected person’s blood or body fluids (such as clothes,bedding,needles and medical equipment).Avoid funeral or burial rituals that require handling the body of someone who has died from Ebola.Avoid contact with bats and nonhuman primates or blood,fluids and raw meat prepared from these animals.Avoid facilities in West Africa where Ebola patients are being treated.The embassies of respective countries or consulates are often able to provide advice on facilities.Avoid contact with semen from a man who has had Ebola until you know Ebola is gone from his semen.After you return,monitor your health for 21 days and seek medical care immediately if you develop symptoms of Ebola.
INTRODUCTION
Ebola,previously known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever,is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus species.Ebola can cause disease in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees).Ebola is caused by infection with a virus of the family Filoviridae,genus Ebolavirus. There are five identified Ebola virus species,four of which are known to cause disease in humans:Ebola virus (Zaire ebolavirus); Sudan virus (Sudan ebolavirus);Taï Forest virus (Taï Forest ebolavirus, formerly Côte d’Ivoire ebolavirus)and Bundibugyo virus (Bundibugyo ebolavirus).The fifth,Reston virus (Reston ebolavirus),has caused disease in nonhuman primates, but not in humans.Ebola viruses are found in several African countries.Ebola was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Since then,outbreaks have appeared sporadically in Africa.
The natural reservoir host of Ebola virus remains unknown. However,on the basis of evidence and the nature of similar viruses,researchers believe that the virus is animal-borne and that bats are the most likely reservoir.Four of the five virus strains occur in an animal host native to Africa.
Because the natural reservoir host of Ebola viruses has not yet been identified,the way in which the virus first appears in a human at the start of an outbreak is unknown.However,scientists believe that the first patient becomes infected through contact with an infected animal,such as a fruit bat or primate (apes and monkeys),which is called a spillover event.Person-to-person transmission follows and can lead to large numbers of affected people.When an infection occurs in humans,the virus can be spread to others through direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes in,for example,the eyes, nose or mouth) with blood or body fluids (including but not limited to urine,saliva, sweat,feces,vomit,breast milk and semen)of a person who is sick with or has died from Ebola;objects (like needles and syringes) that have been contaminated with body fluids from a person who is sick with Ebola or the body of a person who has died from Ebola;infected fruit bats or primates (apes and monkeys)and possibly from contact with semen from a man who has recovered from Ebola (for example, by having oral, vaginal, or anal sex).
Ebola is not spread through the air,by water or in general,by food.
Symptoms of Ebola include fever,severe headache,muscle pain,weakness,fatigue,diarrhea,vomiting,abdominal pain and unexplained hemorrhage(bleeding or bruising).Symptoms may appear anywhere from 2 to 21 days after exposure to Ebola, but the average is 8 to 10 days.
No FDA-approved vaccine or medicine (e.g., antiviral drug) is available for Ebola.Symptoms of Ebola and complications are treated as they appear.Providing intravenous fluids (IV) and balancing electrolytes (body salts),maintaining oxygen status and blood pressure and treating other infections if they occur are some interventions which when used early,can significantly improve the chances of survival.
Experimental vaccines and treatments for Ebola are under development,but they have not yet been fully tested for safety or effectiveness.
Recovery from Ebola depends on good supportive care and the patient’s immune response.People who recover from Ebola infection develop antibodies that last for at least 10 years, possibly longer.It is not known if people who recover are immune for life or if they can become infected with a different species of Ebola.Some people who have recovered from Ebola have developed long-term complications,such as joint and vision problems.
Even after recovery,Ebola might be found in some body fluids, including semen.The time it takes for Ebola to leave the semen is different for each man.For some men who survived Ebola,the virus left their semen in three months.For other men,the virus did not leave their semen for more than nine months.Based on the results from limited studies conducted to date,it appears that the amount of virus decreases over time and eventually leaves the semen.
CONCLUDING THOUGHTS
There is no FDA-approved vaccine available for Ebola.If you travel to or are in an area affected by an Ebola outbreak,make sure to practice careful hygiene.Wash your hands with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer and avoid contact with blood and body fluids (such as urine,feces,saliva,sweat,urine,vomit,breast milk,semen and vaginal fluids).Do not handle items that may have come in contact with an infected person’s blood or body fluids (such as clothes,bedding,needles and medical equipment).Avoid funeral or burial rituals that require handling the body of someone who has died from Ebola.Avoid contact with bats and nonhuman primates or blood,fluids and raw meat prepared from these animals.Avoid facilities in West Africa where Ebola patients are being treated.The embassies of respective countries or consulates are often able to provide advice on facilities.Avoid contact with semen from a man who has had Ebola until you know Ebola is gone from his semen.After you return,monitor your health for 21 days and seek medical care immediately if you develop symptoms of Ebola.
EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE
INTRODUCTION
Ebola,previously known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever,is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus species.Ebola can cause disease in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees).Ebola is caused by infection with a virus of the family Filoviridae,genus Ebolavirus. There are five identified Ebola virus species,fo... More
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